孟加拉湾超级风暴费林对西藏强降水的影响分析     

德庆  徐珺  宗志平  赤曲  罗布坚参  代华光 《气象》2015,41(9):1086-1094

利用NCEP/NCAR(2.5°×2.5°)再分析资料和常规、非常规观测资料,通过环境场和中尺度特征较全面细致地分析了孟加拉湾风暴费林（Phailin）对西藏特大暴雪的影响。研究表明：“费林”对强降水的影响主要是登陆减弱为低压后,低压云系分两个阶段形成三个中尺度对流云团,对流云团在南支槽的作用下上高原。而强降水的发生和南风风速的大小有直接的对应关系,西南低空急流建立后西藏南部才出现强降水,而低空急流的建立是靠南支槽的贡献。南风风速和强降水的这一重要关系为此类天气提供了预报着眼点。  相似文献   

THE LOW-PRESSURE SYSTEM IN THE VERTICAL VELOCITY OMEGA ON THE SCALE OF SYSTEM SENSITIVITY     

曲维政  范婷婷  杜凌 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(S1):66-72

In this study, the relationship between scale and vertical velocity in a low-pressure system is explored using the wave characteristics of atmospheric disturbances and the structural characteristics of low-pressure systems. The ω differential equation, as determined by the transient geopotential height field Φ, is solved to obtain an analytical solution composed only of wavelength, horizontal speed, and atmospheric stability, i.e., the ω diagnostic equation of a low-pressure system. This equation also shows that vertical velocity in the low-pressure system is very sensitive to the horizontal scale, i.e., a smaller horizontal scale means a larger vertical velocity.  相似文献   

NNFFC-adaptive output feedback trajectory tracking control for a surface ship at high speed     

Li-Jun Zhang  Xue Qi 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(13):1430-1438

An adaptive output feedback controller based on neural network feedback-feedforward compensator (NNFFC) which drives a surface ship at high speed to track a desired trajectory is designed. The tracking problem of the surface ship at low speed has been widely investigated. However, the coupling interactions among the forces from each degree of freedom (DOF) have not been considered in general. Furthermore, the influence of the hydrodynamic damping is also simplified into a linear form or neglected. On the contrary, coupling interactions and the nonlinear characteristics of the hydrodynamic damping can never be neglected in high speed maneuvering situation. For these reasons, the influence of the nonlinear hydrodynamic damping on the tracking precision is considered in this paper. Since the hydrodynamic coefficients of the surface ship at high speed are very difficult to be accurately estimated as a prior, it will be compensated by NNFFC as an unknown part of the tracking dynamics system. The stability analysis will be given by the Lyapunov theory. It indicates that the proposed control scheme can guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB), and numerical simulations can illustrate the excellent tracking performance of the surface ship at high speed under the proposed control scheme.  相似文献   

北京城区城市热岛的多时空尺度变化   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

张佳华  孟倩文  李欣 《地理科学》2011,(11):1349-1354

利用气象台站数据分析北京城郊气温和城市热岛（UHI）强度的年变化及风速对北京UHI的影响;同时分析北京5个城市站点UHI在不同季节的日变化特征。结果表明,近44 a来北京市区与郊区的多年平均气温和UHI强度均呈增加的趋势。风速的降低促进北京城区的UHI出现增加趋势。风速对UHI的季节变化影响也很显著。2005年北京UH...  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区近50 a来气候变化特征   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

马宁  王乃昂  朱金峰  陈秀莲  陈红宝  董春雨 《中国沙漠》2011,31(6):1541-1547

 利用巴丹吉林沙漠周边9个气象站的1960—2009年逐月平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、降水量、平均相对湿度和日照时数及1960—2008年逐月平均风速的观测资料,运用线性回归、滑动平均和Mann-Kendall突变检验分析了该区近50 a来气候变化特征。结果表明,近50 a来,巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区年平均气温以0.40 ℃/10a的速率显著升高;四季平均气温的升高亦很显著,以冬季的升温速率最大;年、季节平均最高气温和平均最低气温均呈显著升高趋势;年、季平均日较差则显著减小,且以最低气温的升温速率大于最高气温的升温速率为特点。年降水量以0.87 mm/10a的速率呈不显著增加趋势;各季节降水量变化略有差异且均不显著,春季降水量略有减少,夏、秋和冬季略有增加。湿润指数的变化不明显,总体来看,年和冬季湿润指数略有增大,春、夏和秋季湿润指数略有减小。年日照时数以34.8 h/10a的速率显著增加,各季节日照时数亦均有增加趋势,其中春季增加最为明显。年平均风速以-0.092 m·s-1·(10a)-1的速率呈显著减小趋势;各季节平均风速均显著减小,以冬季的减小速率最大。  相似文献   

玉林夏季高温天气气候特征与环流形势分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘金裕  林确略  陆丽安  孙素琴 《气象研究与应用》2011,32(4):6-12,106

利用近50年（1961～2010年）广西玉林站的气温、风、相对湿度、日照等地面观测资料及历史天气图、NCEP／NCAR再分析资料,统计分析了玉林夏季高温天气的气候特征并探讨出现高温天气的大气环流形势。结果表明：（1）玉林高温天气主要出现在6-9月,3d以上的持续高温主要出现在7～8月,且高温日数的年际差异很大。玉林高温...  相似文献   

低空遥感数字影像的点特征提取算子的比较     

王利勇  王慧  李鹏程  吴翰书 《测绘科学》2011,36(1):121-124

低空遥感是遥感影像数据获取的重要手段之一,点特征是最常用的影像特征,目前存在多种点特征提取算法.本文根据低空遥感数字影像的特点和实际应用中的要求,利用探测速度、适应性、提取效能三个特征提取算法的比较标准对常用的点特征提取算子进行了比较.为针对不同特点的低空遥感数字影像,选择某点特征提取算法提供依据.  相似文献   

海洋测深中的船移效应研究     

肖付民  刘雁春  夏伟  孙新轩  王美娜 《测绘学院学报》2011,(1)

海洋测深大多是在移动的测量船上进行的,测量船的移动则不可避免地产生船移效应,因而船移效应是影响海洋测深精度的因素之一。在系统推证海洋测深中的船移效应模型基础上,对几种典型船速、水深、海底坡度和波束角情形下的船移效应进行了数值计算,研究了船移效应的影响规律和量级,揭示了船移效应的非对称性影响。根据海洋测深的IHO最低标准要求,提出了采用窄波束和限制船速的降低测深船移效应影响的有效方法。  相似文献   

边界层风廓线仪多普勒频谱高度图综合应用初探   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

吴志根  丁若洋  郑杰  陈浩君  查亚峰  李建成  胡平 《气象》2011,37(8):1006-1017

文章介绍了边界层风廓线仪多普勒频谱高度图的原理,并且给出了无降水、有降水、降雪、速度折叠、地物杂波、外界信号干扰等典型的多普勒频谱高度图型。研究发现,多普勒频谱高度图除了可以从中提取测风产品所需的数据外,该在线显示的图形还实时提供了许多其他潜在的气象信息,并可用于：连续监视测站上空天气;提前了解测站上空风的垂直切变;发现并确定降水起始时间;在线估测风向风速;实时判别降水云底高度和0°层的范围;验证和解释风羽剖面图产品中的奇异现象;帮助固定和移动风廓线仪选址;诊断风廓线仪系统故障;评价风廓线仪系统软/硬件性能优劣等。文章指出：深入发掘边界层风廓线仪在降水天气系统中进行高时间密度探测的潜力,使得它可以晴雨两用,对今后将边界层风廓线仪配备到一般气象观测站,提高单站天气监测/预警能力和开展精细化天气预报意义深远。文章还对当前商业化的边界层风廓线仪提出了具体的改进意见,以满足频谱在线分析的需要。  相似文献   

Geophysical Model Function for Wind Speed Retrieval from SARAL/AltiKa     

R. M. Gairola  M. T. Bushair  Suchandra Aich Bhowmick 《Marine Geodesy》2015,38(3):409-421

With the launch of SARAL/AltiKa altimeter, efforts have been made to develop wind speed retrieval algorithms. Here we present two algorithms for estimating and validating wind speed from AltiKa. The first method is based on a theoretical Geophysical Model Function (GMF) using forward model simulations for Ka band specifications. The second is the model function developed using the matched database of input and output vectors of Normalized Radar Cross Section (NRCS) from AltiKa and wind speed measurements from concurrent Jason-2 altimeters. Since the NRCS depends on both the surface roughness due to surface wind speed and on mean square slope of the surfaces, the significant wave height is used along with wind speed for model development as an proxy variable. Both the theoretical and empirical GMFs are evaluated for retrieval of wind speed from AltiKa and validated with NDBC buoys data. The empirical model provide wind speed retrieval accuracy of 1.4 m/s. The accuracy of wind retrievals from theoretical model is also in the similar range (1.6 m/s), indicating the sound physical basis applicable for the future altimeters with various incidence angles. The retrieved wind speed is applied for various case studies, bringing out all the regional and global features quite well.  相似文献